A Subconference of the World Design Cities Conference

Designing AI's
Boundaries:
Respecting Human Agency

Shanghai · September 24–26, 2026

Venue
SUES & Tongji University
Format
Dialogue · No Papers
Chair
Michael Lissack

Is There Too Much AI?

Every discipline now confronts the same recursive problem: AI systems are redesigning the people who are supposed to govern them. This conference refuses to treat that as a technical puzzle with a technical solution. Instead, we ask a design question — how do we draw boundaries that respect what only humans can do?

Hosted within the World Design Cities Conference, this three-day subconference brings together complexity scientists, philosophers of mind, AI researchers, educators, and a playwright to hold that question in dialogue. No paper sessions. No panel presentations. Only structured conversation — Buberian dialogues, keynote exchanges, and AI-augmented working groups — designed to produce insight that no single discipline could reach alone.

The intellectual engine is the concept of the AI Dramaturg: the recognition that every discipline has a dramaturgical function — the framing, staging, and interpretation of its own questions — that AI can partially supply but cannot replace. The irreducible remainder is situated human judgment.

Beneath that boundary lies a question about reasoning itself — about abduction, the act of deciding which explanation is worth reaching for. A model surveys an enormous field at once and weighs relevance in a single currency, learned similarity across everything in view: comprehensive, but flat. A person works from a small foreground, steered by something the model lacks — affect, bodily salience, the trained feel for what matters that can reframe a problem on a basis no text contains. A model can make the products of that judgment legible; it cannot perform the judgment. Drawing that line is the work of these three days.

DesignX

Complex, sociotechnical problems that resist traditional design methods. AI's relationship to human agency is a DesignX problem par excellence — the observer is part of the system being designed.

Second-Order Science

The presuppositions governing how a field knows what it knows. We surface them, question them, and ask what changes when AI enters the epistemic loop.

The 60/40 Split

AI can supply roughly 60% of what any discipline's dramaturgy requires. The 40% it cannot — the situated judgment, the ethical framing, the interpretive act — is the subject of this conference.

Habitus & the Tacit

A field's habitus — its durable, embodied dispositions — and its tacit know-how decide what a practitioner treats as the obvious move. A corpus-trained model can surface the sediment they leave behind, not the disposition that produced it. What it flattens is what we mean to name.

The AI Dramaturg

Every discipline has a dramaturgical function — the framing, staging, and interpretation of its own questions. AI can partially supply this function but cannot replace it. The remainder is what makes us human.

In theater, the dramaturg is the person who holds the intellectual architecture of a production — researching context, questioning choices, ensuring coherence. The dramaturg doesn't direct, doesn't act, doesn't write. The dramaturg holds the space in which meaning is made.

AI is becoming every discipline's dramaturg. It can retrieve, synthesize, pattern-match, and propose — reasoning, in effect, over a learned surrogate of human practice. But it cannot make the situated judgment that transforms information into understanding. This conference asks: where exactly is that boundary, and how do we design systems that respect it?

60%
AI Can Supply
40%
Requires Human Judgment
3
Curated Research Corpora

Seven Voices, One Conversation

Invited · Philosophy Dialogue · Day 1

David Krakauer

President, Santa Fe Institute
Intelligence as compression, complementarity, and the boundary between adaptive and maladaptive cognition
Invited · Philosophy Dialogue · Days 1 & 2

Andy Clark

Professor of Cognitive Philosophy, University of Sussex
Extended mind, predictive processing, and what happens when cognitive scaffolding becomes autonomous
Invited · Applications Dialogue · Days 1 & 2

Yann LeCun

VP & Chief AI Scientist, Meta; Silver Professor, NYU
JEPA, world models, and the architecture of machine understanding beyond language
Invited · Applications Dialogue · Day 1

Markus Buehler

McAfee Professor of Engineering, MIT
Generative AI for materials discovery — the essential positive case for AI as creative partner
Invited · Keynote Dialogue · Day 2

Ethan Mollick

Associate Professor, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania
The exformative divide — co-intelligence in the classroom and beyond
Invited · Keynote Dialogue · Day 2

Conor Grennan

Dean of Students, NYU Stern School of Business
The AI Mindset as institutional implementation — dramaturgical intervention at scale
Invited · Closing · Day 1 Main Stage

Yasmina Reza

Playwright & Novelist; author of Art, God of Carnage
The silences AI cannot produce — what theater knows about the space between words

The Wider Roster

The dialogues are joined by a wider roster of invited scholars whose work maps the conference's central themes — abduction and surrogative reasoning, habitus and the sociology of practice, tacit knowledge and the exformative, embodied and skilled engagement, the epistemic opacity and ethics of AI, machine empathy and its limits, posthuman cognition, and sense-making under complexity. Invitations are extended; the roster will firm as acceptances arrive.

Ramón Alvarado
University of Oregon
The epistemic opacity of computational instruments
Chiara Ambrosio
University College London
Peirce, iconicity, and diagrammatic reasoning
Rachel Ankeny
Wageningen University
Research repertoires and the tacit
Abeba Birhane
Trinity College Dublin / Mozilla
Enactive cognition and the critique of dataset practices
Jonathan Boymal
RMIT University
Peircean semiotics and the grounded interpretant
Hasok Chang
University of Cambridge
Operational coherence and scientific pluralism
Anthony Chemero
University of Cincinnati
Radical embodied cognitive science
Harry Collins
Cardiff University
Tacit and explicit knowledge
Feng Tao
Nankai University
The aesthetics of AI and the machine as creative agent
Pascale Fung
Hong Kong Univ. of Science & Technology
Empathetic AI and the ethical governance of machine learning
N. Katherine Hayles
UCLA / Duke University
Nonconscious cognitive assemblages and posthumanism
Johan Heilbron
CNRS–EHESS, Paris
Field theory and the sociology of science
Huang Minlie
Tsinghua University
Reliability of AI outputs and machine emotion recognition
Sabina Leonelli
Technical University of Munich
Data infrastructures and data journeys
Hugo Letiche
ISTEC Paris
Organization, audit, and the curatorial
Lorenzo Magnani
University of Pavia
Abductive cognition and the eco-cognitive frame
Tor Nørretranders
Copenhagen
Exformation and the user illusion
Erik Rietveld
University of Amsterdam
Skilled intentionality and affordances
Joseph Rouse
Wesleyan University
The normativity of scientific practice
Shen Weixing
Tsinghua University
Institutional and legal governance of AI
Dave Snowden
The Cynefin Company
Complexity and sense-making
Shannon Vallor
University of Edinburgh
Technology, the virtues, and moral deskilling
Loïc Wacquant
University of California, Berkeley
Carnal habitus and the feel for the game
Yi Zeng
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Brain-inspired AI, cognitive empathy, and the Beijing AI Principles
Yu Zhang
Jilin University
Embodied cognition and the perception theory of emotions

Program Overview

1
September 24 · Thursday

Opening Dialogues

Morning
Philosophy Dialogue
Krakauer · Clark · Lissack — Intelligence, boundaries, and the observer problem
Afternoon
Applications Dialogue
LeCun · Buehler · DeepSeek — World models, materials, and the frontier
Evening
Closing: Yasmina Reza
"The Silences AI Cannot Produce" — a theatrical meditation
2
September 25 · Friday

DesignX Subconference

Morning
Mollick · Lissack Dialogue
The exformative divide in education and co-intelligence
Afternoon
Clark · Grennan Dialogue
Extended mind meets institutional implementation
Late Afternoon
AI-Augmented Working Groups
Participants engage with curated corpora via Claude + NotebookLM
3
September 26 · Saturday

Synthesis & Working Groups

Morning
Working Group Reports
Each group presents findings from AI-augmented research sessions
Afternoon
Closing Dialogue
All speakers — what did we learn that we didn't know coming in?
Evening
She Ji Editorial Session
Planning the companion theory issue: "The AI Dramaturg"

Three Formats, No Panels

I–Thou

Buberian Dialogues

Three protagonists engage through a facilitator. Distinguished listeners respond. The audience makes meaning. No debate — genuine encounter. The format is designed to produce insight that neither monologue nor panel discussion can reach.

Keynote Dialogues

Two thinkers, one question, one hour. Not a lecture followed by Q&A — a structured intellectual exchange in which both participants are changed by the conversation. The audience witnesses thinking in real time.

ψ = M

AI-Augmented Working Groups

Participants receive access to three curated research corpora and a custom interface combining Claude and NotebookLM. Groups use AI as dramaturg — retrieval, synthesis, pattern-matching — while humans supply the judgment that turns information into insight.

Shanghai, China

The conference is co-hosted by Shanghai University of Engineering Science (SUES) and Tongji University, situated in one of the world's great design cities. Shanghai's position at the intersection of Eastern and Western intellectual traditions makes it the natural home for a conversation about designing AI's boundaries.

Sessions are split across the WDCC main stage, Tongji University's College of Design and Innovation, and Shanghai University of Engineering Science. The assignment of days to venues is being finalized — details to come.

Institutional Hosts
SUES & Tongji University
With the support of President Lou Yongqi
For Accepted Speakers
Full Travel Support
Business class airfare and accommodation provided by WDCC
Media
Major International Coverage
Press and media partnerships confirmed
Publication
She Ji Theory Issue
Companion issue: "The AI Dramaturg" — planned for publication following the conference

Join the Conversation

This conference is by invitation and application. We are seeking participants from design, complexity science, philosophy of mind, AI research, education, and the arts who want to spend three days thinking carefully about the boundaries between human and machine intelligence. No paper submissions required — bring your questions.

Apply to Participate

Applications reviewed on a rolling basis.
For inquiries, contact Michael Lissack at michael.lissack@gmail.com

She Ji: The AI Dramaturg

A companion theory issue of She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation is in development, titled "The AI Dramaturg." The issue will explore the conference's central proposition: that AI's role across disciplines is best understood through the dramaturgical metaphor — and that the irreducible human contribution lies in the situated judgment that no model can replicate.

Participants in the conference's AI-augmented working groups will have the opportunity to develop contributions for this issue, supported by the same research infrastructure available during the conference itself.

設計
She Ji · Design